aerodrome and en route holding procedures aircraft fuel planning including holding, alternate, fixed reserve and usage rates aircraft transponder operation airspace requirements and procedures under IFR conditions CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards Schedule 3 Aeronautical Knowledge relevant to instrument flight operations continuous descent final approach (CDFA) techniques critical point and point of no return how to determine currency of operational documents factors affecting en route performance, range and endurance general operational information relevant to commercial pilots: privileges and limitations documentation procedures, radio telephony and charts meteorology operational planning requirements ground and space navigation systems and infrastructure: principles of operation, indications and limitations of ground-based navigation aids rated coverage of radio navigation aids considering aircraft location, altitude and time of day pilot navigation tolerances non-directional beacons (NDB) lateral azimuth guidance VHF omni directional radio range (VOR) distance measuring equipment (DME) instrument landing system (ILS)/localiser (LOC) global navigation satellite system (GNSS): operating procedure errors mode selection data entry data validation and checking, including independent cross-checking procedures automation induced complacency non-standardisation of GNSS receiver units human information processing situational awareness human factors relevant to commercial pilots: physiological factors: vestibular system vestibular disorientation somatogravic/somatogyral illusions visual illusions icing conditions and hazards IFR cruising levels, selection and hazards IFR route planning requirements in an Australian Defence Force (ADF) context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions instrument flight documentation requirements instrument flight procedures: flight instrument operations, errors and limitations radio communication phraseology lost communications procedures air traffic service requirements instrument chart symbology and information reporting requirements 2D/3D instrument approach operations pilot responsibilities altimeter accuracy and variations due temperature flight plan validity search and rescue time (SARTIME) and pilot obligations missed approach requirements alternate aerodrome weather minima aircraft separation standards lowest safe altitude (LSALT): calculate route LSALT not specified in aeronautical information publications (AIP) missed approach minimum obstacle clearance minimum obstacle clearance provided by minimum circling altitude track establishment after take-off establish aircraft above LSALT requirements descent below LSALT or minimum safety altitude requirements by day/night/night visual flight rules (NVFR) limitations on use of radar on ground meteorological considerations for an IFR flight: weather phenomena: frontal weather tropical cyclones dust devils thunderstorms jet streams fog meteorological information requirements interpreting forecasts to determine operational requirements air temperature lapse rates predicting probability of meteorological conditions: airframe icing hail micro bursts and wind shear turbulence, including clear air turbulence (CAT) weather information services pilot reporting obligations altimeter QNH sources required for IFR operations meteorological minimas navigation requirements: position fixing requirements aircraft performance categories and operational implications waypoints, symbology and pilot requirements: initial approach fix final approach fix visual circling by day or night pressure error correction (PEC) aerodrome operating minima (AOM) decision altitude (DA) normal segment gradient tracking tolerances: controlled area (CTA) avoidance ground based navigation aids navigation aids not available notification requirements order of precision of navigation aids/systems speed limitations and restrictions: operations below 10,000 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) during holding procedures during approach procedures issued by air traffic services (ATS) and when cancelled NVFR operational requirements operational planning requirements: flight planning: route limitations aircraft performance forecast freezing levels cruising altitude/level performance tables required navigation performance (RNP) requirements alternate aerodrome requirements: weather navigation aids approach procedures lighting availability of weather reports divert time holding fuel requirements performance based navigation (PBN): basic PBN principles including area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) capabilities core components navigation system performance requirements performance monitoring and alerting RNP specifications and system requirements RNP navigation system errors RNP leg types RNP leg transitions RNP navigation authorisation requirements GNSS receiver requirements for RNP APCH operations GNSS receiver mode conditions and actions for RNP APCH RNP instrument approach requirements augmented and non-augmented approaches interpret IAP charts for minima information and operational restrictions validity and accuracy of QNH for RNP APCH types RNP approach differentiation Space based augmentation systems (SBAS) APV Baro-VNAV instrument approach charts vertical guidance information and operational considerations Baro-VNAV vertical guidance principles pilot activated lighting (PAL) pilot responsibilities: standard instrument departure (SID) standard terminal arrival route (STAR) noise abatement missed approach holding pattern and entry planned/alternate destination weather conditions below minima privileges and limitations conferred by an Instrument Rating receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) prediction implications reduced vertical separation minima (RVSM) operations: range of flight levels within Australian airspace operational requirements aircraft altimeter accuracy requirements vertical height tolerances procedures and standard communication phraseology altimetry system failures relevant WHS/OHS and environmental procedures and regulations relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASRs) and Civil Aviation Orders for IFR and planning requirements requirements for an alternate aerodrome runway visual approach slope lighting system operation and limitations use of a navigational computer. |